Introduction

Matthew 23:9 reads:

“And call no man your father on earth, for you have one Father, who is in heaven.”

This verse is often cited by critics to challenge the Catholic practice of addressing priests and spiritual leaders as "father." The interpretation suggests that Jesus prohibited the use of such titles, claiming they contradict the unique fatherhood of God. However, this interpretation is based on a superficial reading and fails to consider the context, the broader use of the term "father" (pater) in Scripture, and the historical practices of the Church.

In this article, we will:

  1. Examine the context and intent of Matthew 23:9.
  2. Explore the use of the term "father" (pater) in Scripture.
  3. Delve into apostolic succession, its biblical roots, and its connection to spiritual fatherhood.
  4. Explain the titles and functions of Church offices, including their Greek and Latin meanings.
  5. Present insights from the early Church Fathers and the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

This defense will demonstrate that the Catholic tradition of calling priests "father" is deeply rooted in Scripture, tradition, and the early Church’s understanding of spiritual leadership.

1. Context and Intent of Matthew 23:9

In Matthew 23, Jesus is addressing the Pharisees, who are criticized for their hypocrisy and pride:

“They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them. Everything they do is done for people to see” (Matthew 23:4-5).

The Pharisees sought honorific titles like "Rabbi" and "Father" to assert their authority and elevate themselves above others. Jesus’ admonition to "call no man father" must be understood in this context. He is warning against the misuse of titles for self-glorification, not issuing a blanket prohibition on their use.

Key Consideration:

If Jesus’ statement were meant to be taken literally, why do both He and the apostles use the term "father" elsewhere in Scripture? As we will see, the term "father" is consistently used to denote spiritual and relational roles in the faith.